Today, the things we see and experience when going to the hospital or doctor, did not always take place, especially not in the same sequence or order of a visit. For example, during a regular annual checkup appointment with a doctor, we know that before actually seeing him or her, the nurses have urinate and give blood, along with weighing us and checking our blood pressure. Years before, this was not always the case, and in Howell's ending chapters of his novel, "Technology in the Hospital," this is recognized.
Urinalysis has been a method of testing for years. The testing of blood, though, has not. In these last three chapters, Howell speaks on how complicated this testing was for nurses and physicians to get used to. The difference in red and white blood cells, along with blood types, made it very difficult for professionals in the medical field to be successful with testing patients through this.
It wasn't until the twentieth century, that doctors began to want to know and fully understand the importance of blood and how running test on a patient's blood could benefit both parties. After discovering how numerical results benefited them, the connections between the different types of cells and blood types was made easier. Findings of diseases and illnesses were also made easier after the use of blood testing became efficient.
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